Eric Carlen - Boundary-driven quantum systems near Zeno limit: steady states and long-time behavior
Presenter
January 13, 2026
Abstract
Recorded 13 January 2026. Eric Carlen of Rutgers University New Brunswick/Piscataway presents "Boundary-driven quantum systems near the Zeno limit: steady states and long-time behavior" at IPAM's New Frontiers in Quantum Algorithms for Open Quantum Systems Workshop.
Abstract: We study composite open quantum systems with a finite-dimensional state space HAB=HA⊗HB
governed by a Lindblad equation
ρ′(t)=Lγρ(t)
where Lγρ=−i[H,ρ]+γDρ
.
Here, H
is a Hamiltonian on HAB
while D
is a dissipator DA⊗I
acting non-trivially only on part A
of the system, which can be thought of as the boundary, and γ
is a parameter. It is known that the dynamics simplifies as the Zeno limit, γ→∞
, is approached: after a initial time of order
γ−1
, ρ(t)
is well approximated by πA⊗R(t)
where πA
is a density matrix on HA
such that DAπA=0
, and R(t)
is an approximate solution of
R′(t)=LP,γR(t)
where LP,γR:=−i[HP,R]+γ−1DPR
with HP
being a Hamiltonian on HB
and DP
being a Lindblad generator acting on density matrices on HB
. We give a rigorous proof of this holding in greater generality than in previous work; we assume only that DA
is ergodic and gapped.
Moreover, we precisely control the error terms, and use this to show
that the mixing times of Lγ
and LP,γ
are tightly
related near the Zeno limit. Despite this connection,
the errors in the approximate
description of the evolution accumulate on times of order γ2
,
so it is difficult to directly access steady states ρ¯γ
of Lγ
through study of LP,γ
. In order to better control the long
time behavior, and in particular the steady states ρ¯γ
, we intoduce a third Lindblad generator
D♯P
that does not involve γ
, but is still closely
related to Lγ
and LP,γ
. We show that if
D♯P
is ergodic and gapped, then so are Lγ
and
LP,γ
for all large γ
. In this case, if ρ¯γ
denotes the
unique steady state for Lγ
, then
limγ→∞ρ¯γ=πA⊗R¯
where R¯
is the unique steady state for
D♯P
. We further show that there is a trace norm convergent expansion
ρ¯γ=πA⊗R¯+γ−1∑k=0∞γ−kn¯k
where, defining n¯−1:=πA⊗R¯
, Dn¯k=−i[H,n¯k−1]
for all k≥0
.
Using properties of DP
and D♯P
, we show that this system of equations has a unique solution,
and prove convergence. This is illustrated in a simple example for which one can solve for ρ¯γ
, and can carry out the expansion explicitly.
We apply these results to state preparation. This is joint work with David Huse and Joel Lebowitz.
Learn more online at: https://www.ipam.ucla.edu/programs/workshops/new-frontiers-in-quantum-algorithms-for-open-quantum-systems/